PECs App Project

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Title

 

Designing a Simplified PECS-Based Mobile Application for Low-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

 

Abstract

 

Most existing Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) applications are designed with high-functioning children with autism in mind. While these applications provide valuable communication support, they are often too complex, visually overstimulating, and cognitively demanding for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who also present with intellectual disabilities. This paper proposes the development of a simplified, low-cost, and accessible mobile application tailored specifically for low-functioning children with ASD. The proposed solution limits vocabulary to essential daily-life terms, incorporates gamified elements to enhance engagement, and introduces grayscale visual options for children with sensory sensitivities.

 

Introduction

 

Communication barriers represent one of the most persistent challenges for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly for those who are low-functioning and have co-occurring intellectual disabilities. Although the PECS framework has been widely adopted as an effective intervention, most digital PECS applications are primarily developed for high-functioning children, thereby inadvertently excluding lower-functioning populations.

These children often experience significant challenges in reading comprehension, sensory regulation, and cognitive processing, making many existing tools unsuitable for their needs. This project seeks to address this gap by proposing a simplified and inclusive communication tool, tailored to reduce sensory overload and cognitive demands while improving accessibility.

 

Review

 

Research has consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of PECS in improving communication outcomes for autistic children (Bondy & Frost, 2001). Visual-based communication provides a concrete and direct method for children to express their needs. However, most existing digital PECS applications are designed for high-functioning users, often assuming a degree of literacy or advanced cognitive skills.

Smith et al. (2018) highlighted usability challenges with existing PECS apps, including cluttered interfaces, reliance on text-based prompts, and overstimulating graphics. While beneficial for some, these design choices can overwhelm low-functioning children, who may instead require simplified, minimalist designs and fewer distractions. Despite the growing popularity of digital communication aids, there remains limited attention dedicated to creating tools accessible for children with severe autism and intellectual disabilities.

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Problem Statement

 

Current PECS applications face several limitations for low-functioning children with autism:

 

- Interface Complexity – Overwhelming number of symbols on one screen.

 

- Textual Prompts – Instructions such as “click twice” assume literacy skills.

 

- Sensory Overload – Bright, saturated colors may overstimulate children.

 

 - Financial Barriers – High costs make access difficult for families.

 

Project Objective

 

This Project aims to develop a minimalist, affordable PECS application that addresses these issues by:

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- Presenting only essential daily-life words (eat, drink, bathroom, sleep).

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- Using clear pictograms without text-based prompts.

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- Incorporating gamification elements (simple rewards, positive feedback).

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- Providing grayscale or muted color options for sensory-sensitive users.

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- Offering a low-cost or open-source model for broader accessibility.

 

Methodology (Proposed)

 

User-Centered Design: Collaborating with caregivers, therapists, and educators to identify essential vocabulary.

 

Prototype Development: Creating a minimal interface with customizable color palettes.

 

Pilot Testing: Usability studies with low-functioning children with ASD to refine functionality.

 

Expected Outcomes

 

• Enhanced accessibility of digital PECS tools for underserved populations.

• A communication application that reduces cognitive and sensory load.

• Increased engagement through gamified elements.

• Broader social inclusion and improved independence for low-functioning children with ASD.

 

Conclusion

 

Current PECS applications do not adequately serve low-functioning children with autism and intellectual disabilities. By simplifying interface design, reducing sensory overstimulation, and lowering financial barriers, this project proposes the creation of a more inclusive communication tool. The integration of gamification elements and grayscale options is expected to improve usability, thereby addressing a critical gap in autism communication technologies and supporting greater independence and inclusion for this population.

 

References

 

Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (2001). The Picture Exchange Communication System. Behavior Modification, 25(5), 725–744.

 

Smith, J., Brown, L., & Chen, M. (2018). Usability challenges of communication apps for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1234–1245.